bin_xnu_kernelcache.c

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// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Florian Märkl <info@florianmaerkl.de>
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 mrmacete <mrmacete@protonmail.ch>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
#include <rz_types.h>
#include <rz_util.h>
#include <rz_lib.h>
#include <rz_bin.h>
#include <rz_core.h>
#include <rz_syscall.h>
 
#include "../format/mach0/kernelcache.h"
#include "../format/xnu/mig_index.h"
 
#define VFILE_NAME_REBASED "rebased"
 
typedef struct _RPrelinkRange {
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange range;
    ut64 pa2va_exec;
    ut64 pa2va_data;
} RPrelinkRange;
 
typedef struct _RStubsInfo {
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange got;
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange stubs;
    ut64 got_addr;
} RStubsInfo;
 
typedef struct _RKext {
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange range;
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange text_range;
    char *name;
    ut64 mod_info;
    ut64 vaddr;
    struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0;
    bool own_name;
    ut64 pa2va_exec;
    ut64 pa2va_data;
} RKext;
 
typedef struct _RKextIndex {
    ut64 length;
    RKext **entries;
} RKextIndex;
 
typedef struct _RzParsedPointer {
    ut64 address;
} RzParsedPointer;
 
typedef struct _RKmodInfo {
    char name[0x41];
    ut64 start;
} RKmodInfo;
 
#define KEXT_SHORT_NAME_FROM_SECTION(io_section) ({ \
    char *result = NULL; \
    char *clone = strdup(io_section->name); \
    char *cursor = strstr(clone, "__"); \
    if (cursor) { \
        cursor--; \
        *cursor = 0; \
        cursor--; \
        cursor = strrchr(cursor, '.'); \
        if (cursor) { \
            *cursor = 0; \
            cursor = strrchr(cursor, '.'); \
            if (cursor) { \
                result = strdup(cursor + 1); \
                RZ_FREE(clone); \
            } \
        } \
    } \
    result ? result : clone; \
})
 
#define KEXT_INFER_VSIZE(index, i) \
    ((i + 1 < index->length) ? index->entries[i + 1]->vaddr - index->entries[i]->vaddr : UT64_MAX)
 
#define KEXT_INFER_PSIZE(index, i) \
    ((i + 1 < index->length) ? index->entries[i + 1]->range.offset - index->entries[i]->range.offset : UT64_MAX)
 
#define RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY  0
#define RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL 1
 
#define K_PPTR(p)   p_ptr(p, obj)
#define K_RPTR(buf) rz_ptr(buf, obj)
 
#define IS_PTR_AUTH(x) ((x & (1ULL << 63)) != 0)
#define IS_PTR_BIND(x) ((x & (1ULL << 62)) != 0)
 
static ut64 p_ptr(ut64 decorated_addr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static ut64 rz_ptr(ut8 *buf, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
 
static RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *rz_rebase_info_new_from_mach0(RzBuffer *cache_buf, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0);
static void rz_rebase_info_free(RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *info);
 
static RPrelinkRange *get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0(struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0);
static RzList *filter_kexts(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static RzList *carve_kexts(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static RzList *kexts_from_load_commands(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
 
static void sections_from_mach0(RzList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, char *prefix, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static void handle_data_sections(RzBinSection *sect);
static void symbols_from_mach0(RzList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, int ordinal);
static RzList *resolve_syscalls(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 enosys_addr);
static RzList *resolve_mig_subsystem(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static void symbols_from_stubs(RzList *ret, HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RzBinFile *bf, RKext *kext, int ordinal);
static RStubsInfo *get_stubs_info(struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, ut64 paddr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
static int prot2perm(int x);
 
static void rz_kext_free(RKext *kext);
static void rz_kext_fill_text_range(RKext *kext);
static int kexts_sort_vaddr_func(const void *a, const void *b);
static struct MACH0_(obj_t) * create_kext_mach0(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext);
static struct MACH0_(obj_t) * create_kext_shared_mach0(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext);
 
#define rz_kext_index_foreach(index, i, item) \
    if (index) \
        for (i = 0; i < index->length && (item = index->entries[i], 1); i++)
 
static RKextIndex *rz_kext_index_new(RzList *kexts);
static void rz_kext_index_free(RKextIndex *index);
static RKext *rz_kext_index_vget(RKextIndex *index, ut64 vaddr);
 
static void process_kmod_init_term(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext, RzList *ret, ut64 **inits, ut64 **terms);
static void create_initterm_syms(RKext *kext, RzList *ret, int type, ut64 *pointers);
static void process_constructors(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzList *ret, ut64 paddr, bool is_first, int mode, const char *prefix);
static RzBinAddr *newEntry(ut64 haddr, ut64 vaddr, int type);
static void ensure_kexts_initialized(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
 
static void rz_kernel_cache_free(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj);
 
static bool load_buffer(RzBinFile *bf, RzBinObject *o, RzBuffer *buf, Sdb *sdb) {
    RzBuffer *fbuf = rz_buf_ref(buf);
    struct MACH0_(opts_t) opts;
    MACH0_(opts_set_default)
    (&opts, bf);
    struct MACH0_(obj_t) *main_mach0 = MACH0_(new_buf)(fbuf, &opts);
    if (!main_mach0) {
        return false;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *rebase_info = rz_rebase_info_new_from_mach0(fbuf, main_mach0);
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj = NULL;
 
    RPrelinkRange *prelink_range = get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0(main_mach0);
    if (!prelink_range) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    obj = RZ_NEW0(RzXNUKernelCacheObj);
    if (!obj) {
        RZ_FREE(prelink_range);
        goto beach;
    }
 
    RCFValueDict *prelink_info = NULL;
    if (main_mach0->hdr.filetype != MH_FILESET && prelink_range->range.size) {
        prelink_info = rz_cf_value_dict_parse(fbuf, prelink_range->range.offset,
            prelink_range->range.size, RZ_CF_OPTION_SKIP_NSDATA);
        if (!prelink_info) {
            RZ_FREE(prelink_range);
            RZ_FREE(obj);
            goto beach;
        }
    }
 
    obj->mach0 = main_mach0;
    obj->rebase_info = rebase_info;
    obj->prelink_info = prelink_info;
    obj->cache_buf = fbuf;
    obj->pa2va_exec = prelink_range->pa2va_exec;
    obj->pa2va_data = prelink_range->pa2va_data;
 
    o->bin_obj = obj;
 
    if (rz_xnu_kernelcache_needs_rebasing(obj)) {
        obj->rebased_buf = rz_xnu_kernelcache_new_rebasing_buf(obj);
    }
 
    return true;
 
beach:
    rz_buf_free(fbuf);
    MACH0_(mach0_free)
    (main_mach0);
    return false;
}
 
static void ensure_kexts_initialized(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    if (obj->kexts_initialized) {
        return;
    }
    obj->kexts_initialized = true;
 
    RzList *kexts = NULL;
 
    if (obj->prelink_info) {
        kexts = filter_kexts(obj);
    }
 
    if (kexts && !rz_list_length(kexts)) {
        rz_list_free(kexts);
        kexts = NULL;
    }
 
    if (!kexts) {
        kexts = kexts_from_load_commands(obj);
    }
 
    if (kexts && !rz_list_length(kexts)) {
        rz_list_free(kexts);
        kexts = NULL;
    }
 
    if (!kexts) {
        kexts = carve_kexts(obj);
    }
 
    obj->kexts = rz_kext_index_new(kexts);
}
 
static RPrelinkRange *get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0(struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RPrelinkRange *prelink_range = RZ_NEW0(RPrelinkRange);
    if (!prelink_range) {
        RZ_FREE(sections);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int incomplete = 3;
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__info")) {
            prelink_range->range.offset = sections[i].offset;
            prelink_range->range.size = sections[i].size;
            if (!--incomplete) {
                break;
            }
        }
 
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_TEXT.__text")) {
            prelink_range->pa2va_exec = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
            if (!--incomplete) {
                break;
            }
        }
 
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_DATA.__data")) {
            prelink_range->pa2va_data = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
            if (!--incomplete) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(sections);
 
    if (incomplete == 1 && !prelink_range->pa2va_data) {
        struct MACH0_(segment_command) * seg;
        int nsegs = RZ_MIN(mach0->nsegs, 128);
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
            seg = &mach0->segs[i];
            if (!strcmp(seg->segname, "__DATA")) {
                prelink_range->pa2va_data = seg->vmaddr - seg->fileoff;
                incomplete--;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    if (incomplete) {
        RZ_FREE(prelink_range);
    }
 
    return prelink_range;
}
 
static RzList *filter_kexts(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    RCFValueArray *kext_array = NULL;
    RzListIter *iter;
    RCFKeyValue *item;
    rz_list_foreach (obj->prelink_info->pairs, iter, item) {
        if (!strcmp(item->key, "_PrelinkInfoDictionary")) {
            kext_array = (RCFValueArray *)item->value;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (!kext_array) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzList *kexts = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)&rz_kext_free);
    if (!kexts) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    bool is_sorted = true;
    RKext *prev_kext = NULL;
    RCFValueDict *kext_item;
    rz_list_foreach (kext_array->values, iter, kext_item) {
        RKext *kext = RZ_NEW0(RKext);
        if (!kext) {
            RZ_FREE(kexts);
            return NULL;
        }
 
        int kext_incomplete = 5;
        RzListIter *internal_iter;
        rz_list_foreach (kext_item->pairs, internal_iter, item) {
            if (!strcmp(item->key, "CFBundlePackageType")) {
                if (item->value->type != RZ_CF_STRING) {
                    break;
                }
                RCFValueString *type = (RCFValueString *)item->value;
                if (strcmp(type->value, "KEXT")) {
                    break;
                }
                kext_incomplete--;
            }
 
            if (!strcmp(item->key, "_PrelinkExecutableLoadAddr")) {
                if (item->value->type == RZ_CF_INTEGER) {
                    kext_incomplete--;
                    kext->vaddr = ((RCFValueInteger *)item->value)->value;
                    kext->range.offset = kext->vaddr - obj->pa2va_exec;
                }
            }
 
            if (!strcmp(item->key, "_PrelinkExecutableSize")) {
                kext_incomplete--;
                if (item->value->type == RZ_CF_INTEGER) {
                    kext->range.size = ((RCFValueInteger *)item->value)->value;
                } else {
                    kext->range.size = 0;
                }
            }
 
            if (!strcmp(item->key, "_PrelinkKmodInfo")) {
                if (item->value->type == RZ_CF_INTEGER) {
                    kext_incomplete--;
                    kext->mod_info = ((RCFValueInteger *)item->value)->value;
                    kext->mod_info -= obj->pa2va_data;
                }
            }
 
            if (!strcmp(item->key, "CFBundleIdentifier")) {
                if (item->value->type == RZ_CF_STRING) {
                    kext_incomplete--;
                    kext->name = ((RCFValueString *)item->value)->value;
                }
            }
        }
 
        if (kext_incomplete) {
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            continue;
        }
 
        if (prev_kext && kext->vaddr < prev_kext->vaddr) {
            is_sorted = false;
        }
        prev_kext = kext;
 
        kext->mach0 = create_kext_mach0(obj, kext);
        if (!kext->mach0) {
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            continue;
        }
 
        rz_kext_fill_text_range(kext);
 
        rz_list_push(kexts, kext);
    }
 
    if (!is_sorted) {
        eprintf("SORTING KEXTs...\n");
        rz_list_sort(kexts, kexts_sort_vaddr_func);
    }
    return kexts;
}
 
static ut64 p_ptr(ut64 decorated_addr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    RzXNUKernelCacheParsedPointer ptr;
    rz_xnu_kernelcache_parse_pointer(&ptr, decorated_addr, obj);
    return ptr.address;
}
 
static ut64 rz_ptr(ut8 *buf, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    ut64 decorated_addr = rz_read_le64(buf);
    return K_PPTR(decorated_addr);
}
 
static RzList *carve_kexts(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(obj->mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    ut64 pa2va_exec = 0;
    ut64 pa2va_data = 0;
    ut64 kmod_start = 0, kmod_end = 0;
    ut64 kmod_info = 0, kmod_info_end = 0;
    int incomplete = 4;
    RKmodInfo *all_infos = NULL;
 
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last && incomplete > 0; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
            pa2va_exec = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
            incomplete--;
        }
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__DATA.__data")) {
            pa2va_data = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
            incomplete--;
        }
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__kmod_start")) {
            kmod_start = sections[i].offset;
            kmod_end = kmod_start + sections[i].size;
            incomplete--;
        }
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__kmod_info")) {
            kmod_info = sections[i].offset;
            kmod_info_end = kmod_info + sections[i].size;
            incomplete--;
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(sections);
 
    if (incomplete) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzList *kexts = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)&rz_kext_free);
    if (!kexts) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int n_kmod_info = (kmod_info_end - kmod_info) / 8;
    if (n_kmod_info == 0) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    all_infos = RZ_NEWS0(RKmodInfo, n_kmod_info);
    if (!all_infos) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    ut8 bytes[8];
    int j = 0;
    for (; j < n_kmod_info; j++) {
        ut64 entry_offset = j * 8 + kmod_info;
 
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, entry_offset, bytes, 8) < 8) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        ut64 kmod_info_paddr = K_RPTR(bytes) - pa2va_data;
 
        ut64 field_name = kmod_info_paddr + 0x10;
        ut64 field_start = kmod_info_paddr + 0xb4;
 
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, field_start, bytes, 8) < 8) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        all_infos[j].start = K_RPTR(bytes);
 
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, field_name, (ut8 *)all_infos[j].name, 0x40) < 0x40) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        all_infos[j].name[0x40] = 0;
    }
 
    ut64 cursor = kmod_start;
    for (; cursor < kmod_end; cursor += 8) {
        ut8 bytes[8];
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor, bytes, 8) < 8) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        RKext *kext = RZ_NEW0(RKext);
        if (!kext) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        kext->vaddr = K_RPTR(bytes);
        kext->range.offset = kext->vaddr - pa2va_exec;
 
        kext->mach0 = create_kext_mach0(obj, kext);
        if (!kext->mach0) {
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            continue;
        }
 
        rz_kext_fill_text_range(kext);
        kext->vaddr = K_PPTR(kext->vaddr);
        kext->pa2va_exec = pa2va_exec;
        kext->pa2va_data = pa2va_data;
 
        ut64 text_start = kext->vaddr;
        ut64 text_end = text_start + kext->text_range.size;
 
        if (text_start == text_end) {
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            continue;
        }
 
        for (j = 0; j < n_kmod_info; j++) {
            if (text_start > all_infos[j].start || all_infos[j].start >= text_end) {
                continue;
            }
 
            kext->name = strdup(all_infos[j].name);
            kext->own_name = true;
            break;
        }
 
        if (!kext->name) {
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            continue;
        }
 
        rz_list_push(kexts, kext);
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(all_infos);
    return kexts;
 
beach:
    rz_list_free(kexts);
    RZ_FREE(all_infos);
    return NULL;
}
 
static RzList *kexts_from_load_commands(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    RzList *kexts = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)&rz_kext_free);
    if (!kexts) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    ut32 i;
    ut32 ncmds;
    if (!rz_buf_read_le32_at(obj->cache_buf, 16, &ncmds)) {
        rz_list_free(kexts);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    ut64 length = rz_buf_size(obj->cache_buf);
 
    ut32 cursor = sizeof(struct MACH0_(mach_header));
    for (i = 0; i < ncmds && cursor < length; i++) {
        ut32 cmdtype;
        if (!rz_buf_read_le32_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor, &cmdtype)) {
            rz_list_free(kexts);
            return NULL;
        }
 
        ut32 cmdsize;
        if (!rz_buf_read_le32_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor + 4, &cmdsize)) {
            rz_list_free(kexts);
            return NULL;
        }
 
        if (cmdtype != LC_KEXT) {
            cursor += cmdsize;
            continue;
        }
 
        ut64 vaddr;
        if (!rz_buf_read_le64_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor + 8, &vaddr)) {
            rz_list_free(kexts);
            return NULL;
        }
 
        ut64 paddr;
        if (!rz_buf_read_le64_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor + 16, &paddr)) {
            rz_list_free(kexts);
            return NULL;
        }
 
        st32 padded_name_length = (st32)cmdsize - 32;
        if (padded_name_length <= 0) {
            cursor += cmdsize;
            continue;
        }
 
        char *padded_name = calloc(1, padded_name_length);
        if (!padded_name) {
            goto beach;
        }
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, cursor + 32, (ut8 *)padded_name, padded_name_length) != padded_name_length) {
            free(padded_name);
            goto early;
        }
 
        RKext *kext = RZ_NEW0(RKext);
        if (!kext) {
            free(padded_name);
            goto beach;
        }
 
        kext->vaddr = vaddr;
        kext->range.offset = paddr;
 
        kext->mach0 = create_kext_shared_mach0(obj, kext);
        if (!kext->mach0) {
            free(padded_name);
            rz_kext_free(kext);
            cursor += cmdsize;
            continue;
        }
 
        rz_kext_fill_text_range(kext);
        kext->vaddr = K_PPTR(kext->vaddr);
        kext->pa2va_exec = obj->pa2va_exec;
        kext->pa2va_data = obj->pa2va_data;
        kext->name = strdup(padded_name);
        kext->own_name = true;
        free(padded_name);
        rz_list_push(kexts, kext);
 
        cursor += cmdsize;
    }
early:
    return kexts;
beach:
    rz_list_free(kexts);
    return NULL;
}
 
static void rz_kext_free(RKext *kext) {
    if (!kext) {
        return;
    }
 
    if (kext->mach0) {
        MACH0_(mach0_free)
        (kext->mach0);
        kext->mach0 = NULL;
    }
 
    if (kext->own_name && kext->name) {
        RZ_FREE(kext->name);
        kext->name = NULL;
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(kext);
}
 
static void rz_kext_fill_text_range(RKext *kext) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(kext->mach0))) {
        return;
    }
 
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
            kext->text_range.offset = sections[i].offset;
            kext->text_range.size = sections[i].size;
            kext->vaddr = sections[i].addr;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(sections);
}
 
static int kexts_sort_vaddr_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
    RKext *A = (RKext *)a;
    RKext *B = (RKext *)b;
    int vaddr_compare = A->vaddr - B->vaddr;
    if (vaddr_compare == 0) {
        return A->text_range.size - B->text_range.size;
    }
    return vaddr_compare;
}
 
static RKextIndex *rz_kext_index_new(RzList *kexts) {
    if (!kexts) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int length = rz_list_length(kexts);
    if (!length) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RKextIndex *index = RZ_NEW0(RKextIndex);
    if (!index) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    index->entries = malloc(length * sizeof(RKext *));
    if (!index->entries) {
        RZ_FREE(index);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzListIter *iter;
    RKext *kext;
    int i = 0;
    rz_list_foreach (kexts, iter, kext) {
        index->entries[i++] = kext;
    }
    index->length = i;
 
    return index;
}
 
static void rz_kext_index_free(RKextIndex *index) {
    if (!index) {
        return;
    }
 
    int i = 0;
    RKext *kext;
    rz_kext_index_foreach(index, i, kext) {
        rz_kext_free(kext);
        index->entries[i] = NULL;
    }
 
    index->length = 0;
    RZ_FREE(index);
}
 
static RKext *rz_kext_index_vget(RKextIndex *index, ut64 vaddr) {
    int imid;
    int imin = 0;
    int imax = index->length - 1;
 
    while (imin < imax) {
        imid = (imin + imax) / 2;
        RKext *entry = index->entries[imid];
        if ((entry->vaddr + entry->text_range.size) <= vaddr || (entry->vaddr == vaddr && entry->text_range.size == 0)) {
            imin = imid + 1;
        } else {
            imax = imid;
        }
    }
 
    RKext *minEntry = index->entries[imin];
    if ((imax == imin) && (minEntry->vaddr <= vaddr) && ((minEntry->vaddr + minEntry->text_range.size) > vaddr)) {
        return minEntry;
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
static struct MACH0_(obj_t) * create_kext_mach0(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext) {
    RzBuffer *buf = rz_buf_new_slice(obj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, rz_buf_size(obj->cache_buf) - kext->range.offset);
    struct MACH0_(opts_t) opts = { 0 };
    opts.verbose = true;
    opts.header_at = 0;
    struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0 = MACH0_(new_buf)(buf, &opts);
    rz_buf_free(buf);
    return mach0;
}
 
static struct MACH0_(obj_t) * create_kext_shared_mach0(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext) {
    RzBuffer *buf = rz_buf_ref(obj->cache_buf);
    struct MACH0_(opts_t) opts = { 0 };
    opts.verbose = false;
    opts.header_at = kext->range.offset;
    struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0 = MACH0_(new_buf)(buf, &opts);
    rz_buf_free(buf);
    return mach0;
}
 
static RzList *entries(RzBinFile *bf) {
    RzList *ret;
    RzBinObject *obj = bf ? bf->o : NULL;
 
    if (!obj || !obj->bin_obj || !(ret = rz_list_newf(free))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *kobj = (RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)obj->bin_obj;
    ut64 entry_vaddr = kobj->mach0->entry;
    if (kobj->pa2va_exec <= entry_vaddr) {
        ut64 entry_paddr = entry_vaddr - kobj->pa2va_exec;
        RzBinAddr *ba = newEntry(entry_paddr, entry_vaddr, 0);
        if (ba) {
            rz_list_append(ret, ba);
        }
    }
 
    process_constructors(kobj, kobj->mach0, ret, 0, true, RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY, NULL);
 
    return ret;
}
 
static void process_kmod_init_term(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext, RzList *ret, ut64 **inits, ut64 **terms) {
    if (!*inits || !*terms) {
        struct section_t *sections = NULL;
        if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(obj->mach0))) {
            return;
        }
 
        int i = 0;
        for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
            if (sections[i].size == 0) {
                continue;
            }
 
            ut64 start_paddr = 0;
            ut64 *target = NULL;
            int n_ptrs = 0;
 
            if (!*inits && strstr(sections[i].name, "__kmod_init")) {
                int n_inits = sections[i].size / 8;
                if (n_inits <= 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                *inits = RZ_NEWS0(ut64, n_inits + 1);
                target = *inits;
                n_ptrs = n_inits;
            }
            if (!*terms && strstr(sections[i].name, "__kmod_term")) {
                int n_terms = sections[i].size / 8;
                if (n_terms <= 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                *terms = RZ_NEWS0(ut64, n_terms + 1);
                target = *terms;
                n_ptrs = n_terms;
            }
            if (!target || !n_ptrs) {
                continue;
            }
            start_paddr = sections[i].offset;
            int j = 0;
            ut8 bytes[8];
            for (; j < n_ptrs; j++) {
                if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, start_paddr + j * 8, bytes, 8) < 8) {
                    break;
                }
                target[j] = K_RPTR(bytes);
            }
            target[j] = 0;
        }
 
        RZ_FREE(sections);
    }
 
    if (*inits) {
        create_initterm_syms(kext, ret, RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT, *inits);
    }
    if (*terms) {
        create_initterm_syms(kext, ret, RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_FINI, *terms);
    }
}
 
/*
 * com.apple.driver.AppleMesaSEPDriver.3.__TEXT_EXEC.__text
 *                       |
 *                       |
 * AppleMesaSEPDriver <--+
 */
static const char *kext_short_name(RKext *kext) {
    const char *sn = strrchr(kext->name, '.');
    return sn ? sn + 1 : kext->name;
}
 
static void create_initterm_syms(RKext *kext, RzList *ret, int type, ut64 *pointers) {
    int i = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for (; pointers[i]; i++) {
        ut64 func_vaddr = pointers[i];
        ut64 text_start = kext->vaddr;
        ut64 text_end = text_start + kext->text_range.size;
 
        if (text_start == text_end) {
            continue;
        }
 
        if (text_start > func_vaddr || func_vaddr >= text_end) {
            continue;
        }
 
        RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
        if (!sym) {
            break;
        }
 
        sym->name = rz_str_newf("%s.%s.%d", kext_short_name(kext), (type == RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT) ? "init" : "fini", count++);
        sym->vaddr = func_vaddr;
        sym->paddr = func_vaddr - kext->pa2va_exec;
        sym->size = 0;
        sym->forwarder = "NONE";
        sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
        sym->type = "FUNC";
 
        rz_list_append(ret, sym);
    }
}
 
static void process_constructors(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzList *ret, ut64 paddr, bool is_first, int mode, const char *prefix) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(mach0))) {
        return;
    }
    int i, type;
    for (i = 0; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (sections[i].size == 0) {
            continue;
        }
 
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "_mod_fini_func") || strstr(sections[i].name, "_mod_term_func")) {
            type = RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_FINI;
        } else if (strstr(sections[i].name, "_mod_init_func")) {
            type = is_first ? 0 : RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT;
            is_first = false;
        } else {
            continue;
        }
 
        ut8 *buf = calloc(sections[i].size, 1);
        if (!buf) {
            break;
        }
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, sections[i].offset + paddr, buf, sections[i].size) < sections[i].size) {
            free(buf);
            break;
        }
        int j;
        int count = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < sections[i].size; j += 8) {
            ut64 addr64 = K_RPTR(buf + j);
            ut64 paddr64 = sections[i].offset + paddr + j;
            if (mode == RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY) {
                RzBinAddr *ba = newEntry(paddr64, addr64, type);
                rz_list_append(ret, ba);
            } else if (mode == RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL) {
                RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
                if (!sym) {
                    break;
                }
 
                sym->name = rz_str_newf("%s.%s.%d", prefix, (type == RZ_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT) ? "init" : "fini", count++);
                sym->vaddr = addr64;
                sym->paddr = paddr64;
                sym->size = 0;
                sym->forwarder = "NONE";
                sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
                sym->type = "FUNC";
 
                rz_list_append(ret, sym);
            }
        }
        free(buf);
    }
    free(sections);
}
 
static RzBinAddr *newEntry(ut64 haddr, ut64 vaddr, int type) {
    RzBinAddr *ptr = RZ_NEW0(RzBinAddr);
    if (!ptr) {
        return NULL;
    }
    ptr->paddr = haddr;
    ptr->vaddr = vaddr;
    ptr->hpaddr = haddr;
    ptr->bits = 64;
    ptr->type = type;
    return ptr;
}
 
static bool check_buffer(RzBuffer *b) {
    if (rz_buf_size(b) > 4) {
        ut8 buf[4];
        rz_buf_read_at(b, 0, buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (!memcmp(buf, "\xcf\xfa\xed\xfe", 4)) {
            return rz_xnu_kernelcache_buf_is_kernelcache(b);
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
static RzList *virtual_files(RzBinFile *bf) {
    rz_return_val_if_fail(bf, NULL);
    RzList *ret = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_virtual_file_free);
    if (!ret) {
        return NULL;
    }
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *kobj = bf->o->bin_obj;
    if (kobj->rebased_buf) {
        RzBinVirtualFile *vf = RZ_NEW0(RzBinVirtualFile);
        if (!vf) {
            return ret;
        }
        vf->buf = kobj->rebased_buf;
        vf->buf_owned = false;
        vf->name = strdup(VFILE_NAME_REBASED);
        rz_list_push(ret, vf);
    }
    return ret;
}
 
static RzList *maps(RzBinFile *bf) {
    RzBinObject *obj = bf ? bf->o : NULL;
    if (!obj || !obj->bin_obj) {
        return NULL;
    }
    RzList *ret = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_map_free);
    if (!ret) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *kobj = (RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)obj->bin_obj;
    ensure_kexts_initialized(kobj);
 
    int nsegs = RZ_MIN(kobj->mach0->nsegs, 128);
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
        RzBinMap *map = RZ_NEW0(RzBinMap);
        if (!map) {
            break;
        }
        char segname[17];
        struct MACH0_(segment_command) *seg = &kobj->mach0->segs[i];
        rz_str_ncpy(segname, seg->segname, 17);
        rz_str_filter(segname);
        map->name = rz_str_newf("%d.%s", i, segname);
        map->paddr = seg->fileoff + bf->o->boffset;
        map->psize = seg->vmsize;
        map->vsize = seg->vmsize;
        map->vaddr = seg->vmaddr;
        if (!map->vaddr) {
            map->vaddr = map->paddr;
        }
        map->perm = prot2perm(seg->initprot);
        map->vfile_name = kobj->rebased_buf ? strdup(VFILE_NAME_REBASED) : NULL;
        rz_list_append(ret, map);
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
static RzList *sections(RzBinFile *bf) {
    RzList *ret = NULL;
    RzBinObject *obj = bf ? bf->o : NULL;
 
    if (!obj || !obj->bin_obj || !(ret = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_section_free))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *kobj = (RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)obj->bin_obj;
    ensure_kexts_initialized(kobj);
 
    int iter;
    RKext *kext;
    rz_kext_index_foreach(kobj->kexts, iter, kext) {
        ut8 magicbytes[4];
 
        rz_buf_read_at(kobj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, magicbytes, 4);
        int magic = rz_read_le32(magicbytes);
        switch (magic) {
        case MH_MAGIC_64:
            sections_from_mach0(ret, kext->mach0, bf, kext->range.offset, kext->name, kobj);
            break;
        default:
            eprintf("Unknown sub-bin\n");
            break;
        }
    }
 
    sections_from_mach0(ret, kobj->mach0, bf, 0, NULL, kobj);
 
    struct MACH0_(segment_command) * seg;
    int nsegs = RZ_MIN(kobj->mach0->nsegs, 128);
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
        RzBinSection *ptr;
        char segname[17];
 
        if (!(ptr = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSection))) {
            break;
        }
 
        seg = &kobj->mach0->segs[i];
        rz_str_ncpy(segname, seg->segname, 17);
        rz_str_filter(segname);
        ptr->name = rz_str_newf("%d.%s", i, segname);
        ptr->size = seg->vmsize;
        ptr->vsize = seg->vmsize;
        ptr->paddr = seg->fileoff + bf->o->boffset;
        ptr->vaddr = seg->vmaddr;
        ptr->is_segment = true;
        if (!ptr->vaddr) {
            ptr->vaddr = ptr->paddr;
        }
        ptr->perm = prot2perm(seg->initprot);
        rz_list_append(ret, ptr);
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
static int prot2perm(int x) {
    int r = 0;
    if (x & 1)
        r |= 4;
    if (x & 2)
        r |= 2;
    if (x & 4)
        r |= 1;
    return r;
}
 
static void sections_from_mach0(RzList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, char *prefix, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(mach0))) {
        return;
    }
    int i;
    for (i = 0; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        RzBinSection *ptr;
        if (!(ptr = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSection))) {
            break;
        }
        if (prefix) {
            ptr->name = rz_str_newf("%s.%s", prefix, (char *)sections[i].name);
        } else {
            ptr->name = rz_str_newf("%s", (char *)sections[i].name);
        }
        if (strstr(ptr->name, "la_symbol_ptr")) {
            int len = sections[i].size / 8;
            ptr->format = rz_str_newf("Cd %d %d", 8, len);
        }
        handle_data_sections(ptr);
        ptr->size = sections[i].size;
        ptr->vsize = sections[i].vsize;
        ptr->paddr = sections[i].offset + bf->o->boffset + paddr;
        ptr->vaddr = K_PPTR(sections[i].addr);
        if (!ptr->vaddr) {
            ptr->vaddr = ptr->paddr;
        }
        ptr->perm = sections[i].perm;
        if (!ptr->perm && strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
            ptr->perm = 1 | 4;
        }
        rz_list_append(ret, ptr);
    }
    free(sections);
}
 
static void handle_data_sections(RzBinSection *sect) {
    if (strstr(sect->name, "_cstring")) {
        sect->is_data = true;
    } else if (strstr(sect->name, "_os_log")) {
        sect->is_data = true;
    } else if (strstr(sect->name, "_objc_methname")) {
        sect->is_data = true;
    } else if (strstr(sect->name, "_objc_classname")) {
        sect->is_data = true;
    } else if (strstr(sect->name, "_objc_methtype")) {
        sect->is_data = true;
    }
}
 
static RzList *symbols(RzBinFile *bf) {
    RzList *ret = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_symbol_free);
    if (!ret) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj = (RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)bf->o->bin_obj;
 
    symbols_from_mach0(ret, obj->mach0, bf, 0, 0);
 
    HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr = sdb_ht_new();
    if (!kernel_syms_by_addr) {
        rz_list_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzListIter *iter;
    RzBinSymbol *sym;
    ut64 enosys_addr = 0;
    rz_list_foreach (ret, iter, sym) {
        const char *key = sdb_fmt("%" PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
        sdb_ht_insert(kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->dname ? sym->dname : sym->name);
        if (!enosys_addr && strstr(sym->name, "enosys")) {
            enosys_addr = sym->vaddr;
        }
    }
 
    RzList *syscalls = resolve_syscalls(obj, enosys_addr);
    if (syscalls) {
        rz_list_foreach (syscalls, iter, sym) {
            const char *key = sdb_fmt("%" PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
            sdb_ht_insert(kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->name);
            rz_list_append(ret, sym);
        }
        syscalls->free = NULL;
        rz_list_free(syscalls);
    }
 
    RzList *subsystem = resolve_mig_subsystem(obj);
    if (subsystem) {
        rz_list_foreach (subsystem, iter, sym) {
            const char *key = sdb_fmt("%" PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
            sdb_ht_insert(kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->name);
            rz_list_append(ret, sym);
        }
        subsystem->free = NULL;
        rz_list_free(subsystem);
    }
 
    ensure_kexts_initialized(obj);
 
    RKext *kext;
    int kiter;
    ut64 *inits = NULL;
    ut64 *terms = NULL;
    rz_kext_index_foreach(obj->kexts, kiter, kext) {
        ut8 magicbytes[4];
        rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, magicbytes, 4);
        int magic = rz_read_le32(magicbytes);
        switch (magic) {
        case MH_MAGIC_64:
            symbols_from_mach0(ret, kext->mach0, bf, kext->range.offset, rz_list_length(ret));
            symbols_from_stubs(ret, kernel_syms_by_addr, obj, bf, kext, rz_list_length(ret));
            process_constructors(obj, kext->mach0, ret, kext->range.offset, false, RZ_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL, kext_short_name(kext));
            process_kmod_init_term(obj, kext, ret, &inits, &terms);
 
            break;
        default:
            eprintf("Unknown sub-bin\n");
            break;
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(inits);
    RZ_FREE(terms);
 
    sdb_ht_free(kernel_syms_by_addr);
 
    return ret;
}
 
static void symbols_from_mach0(RzList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, RzBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, int ordinal) {
    const struct symbol_t *symbols = MACH0_(get_symbols)(mach0);
    if (!symbols) {
        return;
    }
    int i;
    for (i = 0; !symbols[i].last; i++) {
        if (!symbols[i].name[0] || symbols[i].addr < 100) {
            continue;
        }
        RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
        if (!sym) {
            break;
        }
        sym->name = strdup(symbols[i].name);
        sym->vaddr = symbols[i].addr;
        if (sym->name[0] == '_') {
            char *dn = rz_bin_demangle(bf, sym->name, sym->name, sym->vaddr, false);
            if (dn) {
                sym->dname = dn;
                char *p = strchr(dn, '.');
                if (p) {
                    if (IS_UPPER(sym->name[0])) {
                        sym->classname = strdup(sym->name);
                        sym->classname[p - sym->name] = 0;
                    } else if (IS_UPPER(p[1])) {
                        sym->classname = strdup(p + 1);
                        p = strchr(sym->classname, '.');
                        if (p) {
                            *p = 0;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        sym->forwarder = "NONE";
        sym->bind = (symbols[i].type == RZ_BIN_MACH0_SYMBOL_TYPE_LOCAL) ? "LOCAL" : "GLOBAL";
        sym->type = "FUNC";
        sym->paddr = symbols[i].offset + bf->o->boffset + paddr;
        sym->size = symbols[i].size;
        sym->ordinal = ordinal + i;
        rz_list_append(ret, sym);
    }
}
 
#define IS_KERNEL_ADDR(x) ((x & 0xfffffff000000000L) == 0xfffffff000000000L)
 
typedef struct _r_sysent {
    ut64 sy_call;
    ut64 sy_arg_munge32;
    st32 sy_return_type;
    st16 sy_narg;
    ut16 sy_arg_bytes;
} RSysEnt;
 
static RzList *resolve_syscalls(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 enosys_addr) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(obj->mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RzList *syscalls = NULL;
    RzSyscall *syscall = NULL;
    ut8 *data_const = NULL;
    ut64 data_const_offset = 0, data_const_size = 0, data_const_vaddr = 0;
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__const")) {
            data_const_offset = sections[i].offset;
            data_const_size = sections[i].size;
            data_const_vaddr = K_PPTR(sections[i].addr);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (!data_const_offset || !data_const_size || !data_const_vaddr) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    data_const = malloc(data_const_size);
    if (!data_const) {
        goto beach;
    }
    if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, data_const_offset, data_const, data_const_size) < data_const_size) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    ut8 *cursor = data_const;
    ut8 *end = data_const + data_const_size;
    while (cursor < end) {
        ut64 test = rz_read_le64(cursor);
        if (test == enosys_addr) {
            break;
        }
        cursor += 8;
    }
 
    if (cursor >= end) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    cursor -= 24;
    while (cursor >= data_const) {
        ut64 addr = rz_read_le64(cursor);
        ut64 x = rz_read_le64(cursor + 8);
        ut64 y = rz_read_le64(cursor + 16);
 
        if (IS_KERNEL_ADDR(addr) &&
            (x == 0 || IS_KERNEL_ADDR(x)) &&
            (y != 0 && !IS_KERNEL_ADDR(y))) {
            cursor -= 24;
            continue;
        }
 
        cursor += 24;
        break;
    }
 
    if (cursor < data_const) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    syscalls = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_symbol_free);
    if (!syscalls) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    syscall = rz_syscall_new();
    if (!syscall) {
        goto beach;
    }
    rz_syscall_setup(syscall, "arm", 64, NULL, "ios");
    if (!syscall->db) {
        rz_syscall_free(syscall);
        goto beach;
    }
 
    ut64 sysent_vaddr = cursor - data_const + data_const_vaddr;
 
    RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
    if (!sym) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    sym->name = rz_str_newf("sysent");
    sym->vaddr = sysent_vaddr;
    sym->paddr = cursor - data_const + data_const_offset;
    sym->size = 0;
    sym->forwarder = "NONE";
    sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
    sym->type = "OBJECT";
    rz_list_append(syscalls, sym);
 
    i = 1;
    cursor += 24;
    int num_syscalls = sdb_count(syscall->db);
    while (cursor < end && i < num_syscalls) {
        ut64 addr = rz_read_le64(cursor);
        RzSyscallItem *item = rz_syscall_get(syscall, i, 0x80);
        if (item && item->name) {
            RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
            if (!sym) {
                rz_syscall_item_free(item);
                goto beach;
            }
 
            sym->name = rz_str_newf("syscall.%d.%s", i, item->name);
            sym->vaddr = addr;
            sym->paddr = addr;
            sym->size = 0;
            sym->forwarder = "NONE";
            sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
            sym->type = "FUNC";
            rz_list_append(syscalls, sym);
        }
 
        rz_syscall_item_free(item);
        cursor += 24;
        i++;
    }
 
    rz_syscall_free(syscall);
    RZ_FREE(data_const);
    RZ_FREE(sections);
    return syscalls;
 
beach:
    rz_syscall_free(syscall);
    if (syscalls) {
        rz_list_free(syscalls);
    }
    RZ_FREE(data_const);
    RZ_FREE(sections);
    return NULL;
}
 
#define K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE (4 * 8)
#define K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE   (5 * 8)
#define K_MIG_MAX_ROUTINES   100
 
static HtPP *mig_hash_new(void) {
    HtPP *hash = sdb_ht_new();
    if (!hash) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < RZ_MIG_INDEX_LEN; i += 2) {
        const char *num = mig_index[i];
        const char *name = mig_index[i + 1];
        sdb_ht_insert(hash, num, name);
    }
 
    return hash;
}
 
static RzList *resolve_mig_subsystem(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(obj->mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    HtPP *mig_hash = NULL;
    RzList *subsystem = NULL;
    ut8 *data_const = NULL;
    ut64 data_const_offset = 0, data_const_size = 0, data_const_vaddr = 0;
    ut64 text_exec_offset = 0, text_exec_size = 0, text_exec_vaddr = 0;
    int incomplete = 2;
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last && incomplete > 0; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__const")) {
            data_const_offset = sections[i].offset;
            data_const_size = sections[i].size;
            data_const_vaddr = K_PPTR(sections[i].addr);
            incomplete--;
        }
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
            text_exec_offset = sections[i].offset;
            text_exec_size = sections[i].size;
            text_exec_vaddr = K_PPTR(sections[i].addr);
            incomplete--;
        }
    }
 
    if (!data_const_offset || !data_const_size || !data_const_vaddr ||
        !text_exec_offset || !text_exec_size || !text_exec_vaddr) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    data_const = malloc(data_const_size);
    if (!data_const) {
        goto beach;
    }
    if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, data_const_offset, data_const, data_const_size) < data_const_size) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    subsystem = rz_list_newf((RzListFree)rz_bin_symbol_free);
    if (!subsystem) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    mig_hash = mig_hash_new();
    if (!mig_hash) {
        goto beach;
    }
 
    ut8 *cursor = data_const;
    ut8 *end = data_const + data_const_size;
    while (cursor < end) {
        ut64 subs_p = K_PPTR(rz_read_le64(cursor));
        if (subs_p < text_exec_vaddr || subs_p >= text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_size) {
            cursor += 8;
            continue;
        }
        ut32 subs_min_idx = rz_read_le32(cursor + 8);
        ut32 subs_max_idx = rz_read_le32(cursor + 12);
        ut32 n_routines = (subs_max_idx - subs_min_idx);
        if (subs_min_idx >= subs_max_idx || (subs_max_idx - subs_min_idx) > K_MIG_MAX_ROUTINES) {
            cursor += 16;
            continue;
        }
 
        ut64 *routines = (ut64 *)malloc(n_routines * sizeof(ut64));
        if (!routines) {
            goto beach;
        }
        ut8 *array_cursor = cursor + K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE;
        ut8 *end_array = array_cursor + n_routines * K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
        bool is_consistent = true;
        int idx = 0;
        while (array_cursor < end_array) {
            ut64 should_be_null = rz_read_le64(array_cursor);
            if (should_be_null != 0) {
                is_consistent = false;
                break;
            }
 
            ut64 routine_p = K_PPTR(rz_read_le64(array_cursor + 8));
            if (routine_p != 0 && (routine_p < text_exec_vaddr || routine_p >= text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_size)) {
                is_consistent = false;
                break;
            }
 
            routines[idx++] = routine_p;
            array_cursor += K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
        }
 
        if (is_consistent) {
            for (idx = 0; idx < n_routines; idx++) {
                ut64 routine_p = routines[idx];
                if (!routine_p) {
                    continue;
                }
 
                RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
                if (!sym) {
                    RZ_FREE(routines);
                    goto beach;
                }
 
                int num = idx + subs_min_idx;
                bool found = false;
                const char *key = sdb_fmt("%d", num);
                const char *name = sdb_ht_find(mig_hash, key, &found);
                if (found && name && *name) {
                    sym->name = rz_str_newf("mig.%d.%s", num, name);
                } else {
                    sym->name = rz_str_newf("mig.%d", num);
                }
 
                sym->vaddr = routine_p;
                sym->paddr = sym->vaddr - text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_offset;
                sym->size = 0;
                sym->forwarder = "NONE";
                sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
                sym->type = "OBJECT";
                rz_list_append(subsystem, sym);
            }
 
            cursor += K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE + n_routines * K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
        } else {
            cursor += 8;
        }
 
        RZ_FREE(routines);
    }
 
    sdb_ht_free(mig_hash);
    RZ_FREE(data_const);
    RZ_FREE(sections);
    return subsystem;
 
beach:
    if (subsystem) {
        rz_list_free(subsystem);
    }
    if (mig_hash) {
        sdb_ht_free(mig_hash);
    }
    RZ_FREE(data_const);
    RZ_FREE(sections);
    return NULL;
}
 
static ut64 extract_addr_from_code(ut8 *arm64_code, ut64 vaddr) {
    ut64 addr = vaddr & ~0xfff;
 
    ut64 adrp = rz_read_le32(arm64_code);
    ut64 adrp_offset = ((adrp & 0x60000000) >> 29) | ((adrp & 0xffffe0) >> 3);
    addr += adrp_offset << 12;
 
    ut64 ldr = rz_read_le32(arm64_code + 4);
    addr += ((ldr & 0x3ffc00) >> 10) << ((ldr & 0xc0000000) >> 30);
 
    return addr;
}
 
static void symbols_from_stubs(RzList *ret, HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj, RzBinFile *bf, RKext *kext, int ordinal) {
    RStubsInfo *stubs_info = get_stubs_info(kext->mach0, kext->range.offset, obj);
    if (!stubs_info) {
        return;
    }
    ut64 stubs_cursor = stubs_info->stubs.offset;
    ut64 stubs_end = stubs_cursor + stubs_info->stubs.size;
 
    for (; stubs_cursor < stubs_end; stubs_cursor += 12) {
        ut8 arm64_code[8];
        if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, stubs_cursor, arm64_code, 8) < 8) {
            break;
        }
 
        ut64 vaddr = stubs_cursor + obj->pa2va_exec;
        ut64 addr_in_got = extract_addr_from_code(arm64_code, vaddr);
 
        bool found = false;
        int level = 3;
 
        ut64 target_addr = UT64_MAX;
 
        while (!found && level-- > 0) {
            ut64 offset_in_got = addr_in_got - obj->pa2va_exec;
            ut64 addr;
            if (rz_buf_read_at(obj->cache_buf, offset_in_got, (ut8 *)&addr, 8) < 8) {
                break;
            }
 
            if (level == 2) {
                target_addr = addr;
            }
 
            const char *key = sdb_fmt("%" PFMT64x, addr);
            const char *name = sdb_ht_find(kernel_syms_by_addr, key, &found);
 
            if (found) {
                RzBinSymbol *sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
                if (!sym) {
                    break;
                }
                sym->name = rz_str_newf("stub.%s", name);
                sym->vaddr = vaddr;
                sym->paddr = stubs_cursor;
                sym->size = 12;
                sym->forwarder = "NONE";
                sym->bind = "LOCAL";
                sym->type = "FUNC";
                sym->ordinal = ordinal++;
                rz_list_append(ret, sym);
                break;
            }
 
            addr_in_got = addr;
        }
 
        if (found || target_addr == UT64_MAX) {
            continue;
        }
 
        ensure_kexts_initialized(obj);
        RKext *remote_kext = rz_kext_index_vget(obj->kexts, target_addr);
        if (!remote_kext) {
            continue;
        }
 
        RzBinSymbol *remote_sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
        if (!remote_sym) {
            break;
        }
 
        remote_sym->name = rz_str_newf("exp.%s.0x%" PFMT64x, kext_short_name(remote_kext), target_addr);
        remote_sym->vaddr = target_addr;
        remote_sym->paddr = target_addr - obj->pa2va_exec;
        remote_sym->size = 0;
        remote_sym->forwarder = "NONE";
        remote_sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
        remote_sym->type = "FUNC";
        remote_sym->ordinal = ordinal++;
        rz_list_append(ret, remote_sym);
 
        RzBinSymbol *local_sym = RZ_NEW0(RzBinSymbol);
        if (!local_sym) {
            break;
        }
 
        local_sym->name = rz_str_newf("stub.%s.0x%" PFMT64x, kext_short_name(remote_kext), target_addr);
        local_sym->vaddr = vaddr;
        local_sym->paddr = stubs_cursor;
        local_sym->size = 12;
        local_sym->forwarder = "NONE";
        local_sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
        local_sym->type = "FUNC";
        local_sym->ordinal = ordinal++;
        rz_list_append(ret, local_sym);
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(stubs_info);
}
 
static RStubsInfo *get_stubs_info(struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0, ut64 paddr, RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RStubsInfo *stubs_info = RZ_NEW0(RStubsInfo);
    if (!stubs_info) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int incomplete = 2;
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__got")) {
            stubs_info->got.offset = sections[i].offset + paddr;
            stubs_info->got.size = sections[i].size;
            stubs_info->got_addr = K_PPTR(sections[i].addr);
            if (!--incomplete) {
                break;
            }
        }
 
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__stubs")) {
            stubs_info->stubs.offset = sections[i].offset + paddr;
            stubs_info->stubs.size = sections[i].size;
            if (!--incomplete) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(sections);
 
    if (incomplete) {
        RZ_FREE(stubs_info);
    }
 
    return stubs_info;
}
 
static RzBinInfo *info(RzBinFile *bf) {
    RzBinInfo *ret = NULL;
    bool big_endian = 0;
    if (!(ret = RZ_NEW0(RzBinInfo))) {
        return NULL;
    }
    ret->file = strdup(bf->file);
    ret->bclass = strdup("kernelcache");
    ret->rclass = strdup("ios");
    ret->os = strdup("iOS");
    ret->arch = strdup("arm"); // XXX
    ret->machine = strdup(ret->arch);
    ret->subsystem = strdup("xnu");
    ret->type = strdup("kernel-cache");
    ret->bits = 64;
    ret->has_va = true;
    ret->big_endian = big_endian;
    ret->dbg_info = 0;
    return ret;
}
 
static ut64 baddr(RzBinFile *bf) {
    if (!bf || !bf->o || !bf->o->bin_obj) {
        return 8LL;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj = (RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)bf->o->bin_obj;
    return MACH0_(get_baddr)(obj->mach0);
}
 
static void destroy(RzBinFile *bf) {
    rz_kernel_cache_free((RzXNUKernelCacheObj *)bf->o->bin_obj);
}
 
static void rz_kernel_cache_free(RzXNUKernelCacheObj *obj) {
    if (!obj) {
        return;
    }
 
    if (obj->mach0) {
        MACH0_(mach0_free)
        (obj->mach0);
        obj->mach0 = NULL;
        obj->cache_buf = NULL;
    }
 
    if (obj->cache_buf) {
        rz_buf_free(obj->cache_buf);
        obj->cache_buf = NULL;
    }
 
    if (obj->prelink_info) {
        rz_cf_value_dict_free(obj->prelink_info);
        obj->prelink_info = NULL;
    }
 
    if (obj->kexts) {
        rz_kext_index_free(obj->kexts);
        obj->kexts = NULL;
    }
 
    if (obj->rebase_info) {
        rz_rebase_info_free(obj->rebase_info);
        obj->rebase_info = NULL;
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(obj);
}
 
static RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *rz_rebase_info_new_from_mach0(RzBuffer *cache_buf, struct MACH0_(obj_t) * mach0) {
    RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange *rebase_ranges = NULL;
    struct section_t *sections = NULL;
    if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections)(mach0))) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    ut64 starts_offset = 0, starts_size = 0;
 
    int i = 0;
    for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
        if (strstr(sections[i].name, "__TEXT.__thread_starts")) {
            starts_offset = sections[i].offset;
            starts_size = sections[i].size;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(sections);
 
    ut64 kernel_base = 0;
 
    struct MACH0_(segment_command) * seg;
    int nsegs = RZ_MIN(mach0->nsegs, 128);
    for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
        char segname[17];
        seg = &mach0->segs[i];
        rz_str_ncpy(segname, seg->segname, 17);
        if (!strncmp(segname, "__TEXT", 6) && segname[6] == '\0') {
            kernel_base = seg->vmaddr;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (starts_offset == 0 || starts_size == 0 || kernel_base == 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    int n_starts = starts_size / 4;
    if (n_starts <= 1) {
        return NULL;
    }
    rebase_ranges = RZ_NEWS0(RzXNUKernelCacheFileRange, n_starts - 1);
    if (rebase_ranges == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    ut64 multiplier = 4;
    for (i = 0; i != n_starts; i++) {
        ut8 bytes[4];
        if (rz_buf_read_at(cache_buf, starts_offset + i * 4, bytes, 4) < 4) {
            goto beach;
        }
 
        if (i == 0) {
            multiplier += 4 * (rz_read_le32(bytes) & 1);
            continue;
        }
 
        rebase_ranges[i - 1].offset = rz_read_le32(bytes);
        rebase_ranges[i - 1].size = UT64_MAX;
    }
 
    RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *rebase_info = RZ_NEW0(RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo);
    if (rebase_info == NULL) {
        goto beach;
    }
    rebase_info->ranges = rebase_ranges;
    rebase_info->n_ranges = n_starts - 1;
    rebase_info->multiplier = multiplier;
    rebase_info->kernel_base = kernel_base;
 
    return rebase_info;
 
beach:
 
    RZ_FREE(rebase_ranges);
    return NULL;
}
 
static void rz_rebase_info_free(RzXNUKernelCacheRebaseInfo *info) {
    if (!info) {
        return;
    }
 
    if (info->ranges) {
        RZ_FREE(info->ranges);
        info->ranges = NULL;
    }
 
    RZ_FREE(info);
}
 
RzBinPlugin rz_bin_plugin_xnu_kernelcache = {
    .name = "kernelcache",
    .desc = "kernelcache bin plugin",
    .license = "LGPL3",
    .destroy = &destroy,
    .load_buffer = &load_buffer,
    .entries = &entries,
    .baddr = &baddr,
    .virtual_files = &virtual_files,
    .maps = &maps,
    .symbols = &symbols,
    .sections = &sections,
    .check_buffer = &check_buffer,
    .info = &info
};
 
#ifndef RZ_PLUGIN_INCORE
RzLibStruct rizin_plugin = {
    .type = RZ_LIB_TYPE_BIN,
    .data = &rz_bin_plugin_kernelcache,
    .version = RZ_VERSION
};
#endif